借助Python脚本管理Windows服务
发布时间：2021-11-15 16:37:55 所属栏目：教程 来源：互联网
导读：Windows服务常用的功能就是启动服务，关闭服务，重启服务和查询服务运行状态，其中查询服务运行状态是其他三种操作的基
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Windows服务常用的功能就是启动服务，关闭服务，重启服务和查询服务运行状态，其中查询服务运行状态是其他三种操作的基础。 本文中提到的使用Python脚本管理Windows服务实际上是调用win32serviceutil模块，此模块来自pywin32包，此模块本身有管理服务的功能，有兴趣的可以去阅读它的部分源码。 本脚本存在的目的是为了熟练Python的语法和基本操作，Windows下有更好的命令行工具来管理服务，如sc、Powershell等。通常命令行工具的执行速度要比services.msc工具要快得多。 本脚本实现的功能： 1.利用docopt解析命令行参数，-h和--help查看使用帮助，允许服务名和动作这个两个参数互换，如service mysql start和service start mysql具有同等作用 2.Windows平台下启动服务，关闭服务，重启服务和查询服务运行状态 脚本内容如下： #!/usr/bin/python # encoding: utf-8 # -*- coding: utf8 -*- """ Created by PyCharm. File: LinuxBashShellScriptForOps:ServiceControl.py User: Guodong Create Date: 2016/10/14 Create Time: 17:57 Example of program with many options using docopt, control system service. Usage: ServiceControl.py SERVICE_NAME SERVICE_ACTION ServiceControl.py SERVICE_ACTION SERVICE_NAME ServiceControl.py --version | -v ServiceControl.py --help | -h Arguments: SERVICE_NAME service name SERVICE_ACTION service action in ["start", "stop", "restart", "status"] Options: -h --help show this help message and exit -v --version show version and exit """ import sys import codecs import locale import psutil import win32serviceutil import time from collections import OrderedDict from docopt import docopt UNKNOWN = 0 STOPPED = 1 START_PENDING = 2 STOP_PENDING = 3 RUNNING = 4 status_code = { 0: "UNKNOWN", 1: "STOPPED", 2: "START_PENDING", 3: "STOP_PENDING", 4: "RUNNING" } def get_system_encoding(): """ The encoding of the default system locale but falls back to the given fallback encoding if the encoding is unsupported by python or could not be determined. See tickets #10335 and #5846 """ try: encoding = locale.getdefaultlocale()[1] or 'ascii' codecs.lookup(encoding) except Exception: encoding = 'ascii' return encoding DEFAULT_LOCALE_ENCODING = get_system_encoding() # try: # result = result.decode(DEFAULT_LOCALE_ENCODING) # except UnicodeDecodeError: # # UnicodeDecodeError - preventive treatment for non-latin Windows. # return '' def is_iterable(source): if source is not None: try: iter(source) except TypeError: return False return True else: raise RuntimeError("argument cannot be None") def status_service(service_name): try: result = win32serviceutil.QueryServiceStatus(service_name)[1] if result == START_PENDING: print "service %s is %s, please wait" % (service_name, status_code[result]) time.sleep(2) return RUNNING elif result == STOP_PENDING: print "service %s is %s, please wait" % (service_name, status_code[result]) time.sleep(2) return STOPPED else: return result if result is not None else 0 except Exception as e: if e.message: raise RuntimeError(e.message) elif e.args: # print e.args args = list() for arg in e.args: if is_iterable(arg): args.append(unicode(eval(repr(arg)), 'gbk')) else: args.append(arg) print "Error:", args[-1], tuple(args) raise RuntimeError else: raise RuntimeError("Uncaught exception, maybe it is a 'Access Denied'") # will not reach here def start_service(service_name): status = status_service(service_name) if status == STOPPED: pass elif status == RUNNING: print "service %s already started" % service_name return status try: print "starting %s" % service_name win32serviceutil.StartService(service_name) except Exception as e: if e.message: raise RuntimeError(e.message) elif e.args: # print e.args args = list() for arg in e.args: if is_iterable(arg): args.append(unicode(eval(repr(arg)), 'gbk')) else: args.append(arg) print "Error:", args[-1], tuple(args) raise RuntimeError else: raise RuntimeError("Uncaught exception, maybe it is a 'Access Denied'") # will not reach here return status_service(service_name) def stop_service(service_name): status = status_service(service_name) if status == STOPPED: print "service %s already stopped" % service_name return status elif status == RUNNING: pass else: return status try: print "stopping %s" % service_name win32serviceutil.StopService(service_name) except Exception as e: if e.message: print e.message elif e.args: # print e.args args = list() for arg in e.args: if is_iterable(arg): args.append(unicode(eval(repr(arg)), 'gbk')) else: args.append(arg) print "Error:", args[-1], tuple(args) raise RuntimeError else: raise RuntimeError("Uncaught exception, maybe it is a 'Access Denied'") # will not reach here return status_service(service_name) def restart_service(service_name): status = status_service(service_name) if status == START_PENDING or status == RUNNING: if status == START_PENDING: time.sleep(2) stop_service(service_name) status = status_service(service_name) if status == STOPPED or status == STOP_PENDING: if status == STOP_PENDING: time.sleep(2) return start_service(service_name) elif status == STOPPED or status == STOP_PENDING: print "service %s not running." % service_name return start_service(service_name) else: return status_service(service_name) def do_service(service_name, service_action): # https://docs.python.org/2/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-there-a-switch-or-case-statement-in-python # http://python.jobbole.com/82008/ valid_action = ["start", "stop", "restart", "status"] maps = { "start": "start_service(service_name)", "stop": "stop_service(service_name)", "restart": "restart_service(service_name)", "status": "status_service(service_name)", } if service_name == "" or service_action == "": raise RuntimeError("service_name and service_action cannot be empty.") if service_action in valid_action: return eval(maps[service_action]) else: raise RuntimeError("bad service_action '%s', valid action is %s" % (service_action, valid_action)) def list_service(): service_dict = OrderedDict() for service in psutil.win_service_iter(): service_dict[service.name()] = service.display_name() return service_dict def is_valid_service_name(service_name): if service_name.lower() in [name.lower() for name, display_name in list_service().items()]: return True else: return False if __name__ == '__main__': SERVICE_ACTION = ["start", "stop", "restart", "status"] arguments = docopt(__doc__, version='1.0.0rc2') if arguments['SERVICE_NAME'] != "" and arguments['SERVICE_ACTION'] != "": if arguments['SERVICE_ACTION'] in SERVICE_ACTION: pass elif arguments['SERVICE_NAME'] in SERVICE_ACTION: tmp = arguments['SERVICE_ACTION'] arguments['SERVICE_ACTION'] = arguments['SERVICE_NAME'] arguments['SERVICE_NAME'] = tmp else: print __doc__ sys.exit(1) if is_valid_service_name(arguments['SERVICE_NAME']): pass else: raise RuntimeError("server '%s' not exist" % arguments['SERVICE_NAME']) return_code = do_service(arguments['SERVICE_NAME'], arguments['SERVICE_ACTION']) try: print status_code[return_code] except KeyError: print "return_code is %s." % return_code else: print __doc__ sys.exit(1) # TODO(Guodong Ding) run a command as administrator with administrative privilege, use 'runas' command? state_command = "C:WINDOWSSystem32sc.exe query MySQL56" start_command = "C:WINDOWSSystem32sc.exe start MySQL56" stop_command = "C:WINDOWSSystem32sc.exe stop MySQL56" 脚本可以到Linux公社资源站下载： ------------------------------------------分割线------------------------------------------ 免费下载地址在 http://linux.linuxidc.com/ 用户名与密码都是www.linuxidc.com 具体下载目录在 /2017年资料/2月/10日/利用Python脚本管理Windows服务/ 下载方法见 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87684.htm ------------------------------------------分割线------------------------------------------ 运行效果如下： 注意：利用Python脚本管理Windows服务有一个难以规避的问题就是管理员权限问题，因此运行此类Python脚本时应该以管理员权限运行，特别是Windows7以及更高版本的用户。 tag:Python管理Windows服务,Python Windows服务,Python 启动停止服务  （编辑：江门站长网） 【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |
